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Retail design is a creative and commercial discipline that combines several different areas of expertise together in the design and construction of retail space. Retail design is primarily a specialized practice of architecture and interior design, however it also incorporates elements of interior decoration, industrial design, graphic design, ergonomics, and advertising.〔("Retail design" ) by Otto Riewoldt, te Neues, 2000〕〔("Becoming an Architect: A Guide to Careers in Design" ) by Lee W. Waldrep, John Wiley and Sons, 2009〕〔("Retail design firms" ), ''Opportunities in commercial art and graphic design careers, Volume 2003'' by Barbara Gordon, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004, Pg. 88〕 Retail design is a very specialized discipline due to the heavy demands placed on retail space. Because the primary purpose of retail space is to stock and sell product to consumers, the spaces must be designed in a way that promotes an enjoyable and hassle-free shopping experience for the consumer. For example, research shows that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively.〔Martin, Brett A. S. (2012), ("A Stranger’s Touch: Effects of Accidental Interpersonal Touch on Consumer Evaluations and Shopping Time" ), ''Journal of Consumer Research'', 39 (June), 174-184.〕 The space must be specially-tailored to the kind of product being sold in that space; for example, a bookstore requires many large shelving units to accommodate small products that can be arranged categorically while a clothing store requires more open space to fully display product.〔("Luxury retail design and atmosphere" ), ''Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques'' by Uché Okonkwo, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, Pg. 78〕〔("Building type basics for retail and mixed-use facilities" ) by Stephen A. Kliment, Jerde Partnership International, and Vilma Barr, John Wiley and Sons, 2004〕〔("Retail Design Identity" ), ''Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince'' by Alex Hahn, Billboard Books, 2004, Pg. 157〕 Retail spaces, especially when they form part of a retail chain, must also be designed to draw people into the space to shop. The storefront must act as a billboard for the store, often employing large display windows that allow shoppers to see into the space and the product inside. In the case of a retail chain, the individual spaces must be unified in their design.〔〔("Boutiques and other retail spaces: the architecture of seduction" ) by Leontine de Wit, Taylor & Francis US, 2007〕 ==History== Retail design first began to grow in the middle of the 19th century, with stores such as Bon Marche and Printemps in Paris, "followed by Marshall Fields in Chicago, Selfridges in London and Macy's in New York." These early retail design stores were swiftly continued with an innovation called the chain store. The first chain store was opened in the early 20th century by Frank Winfield Woolworth, which quickly became a franchise across the US. Other chain stores began growing in places like the UK a decade or so later, with stores like Boots. After World War II, a new type of retail design building known as the shopping centre came into being. This type of building took two different paths in comparison between the US and Europe. Shopping centres began being built out of town within the United States to benefit the suburban family, while Europe began putting shopping centres in the middle of town. The first shopping centre in the Netherlands was built in the 1950s, as retail design ideas began spreading east.〔("Retail Design" ), ''Design: the key concepts'' by Catherine McDermott, Psychology Press, 2007, Pg. 195〕 The next evolution of retail design was the creation of the boutique in the 1960s, which emphasized retail design run by individuals. Some of the earliest examples of boutiques are the Biba boutique created by Barbara Hulanicki and the Habitat line of stores made by Terence Conran. The rise of the boutique was followed, in the next two decades, with an overall increase in consumer spending across the developed world. This rise made retail design shift to compensate for increased customers and alternative focuses. Many retail design stores redesigned themselves over the period to keep up with changing consumer tastes. These changes resulted on one side with the creation of multiple "expensive, one-off designer shops" catering to specific fashion designers and retailers.〔 The rise of the internet and internet retailing in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century saw another change in retail design to compensate. Many different sectors not related to the internet reached out to retail design and its practices to lure online shoppers back to physical shops, where retail design can be properly utilized.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Retail design」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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